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Telomeric DNA sequences in beetle taxa vary with species richness
PRUŠÁKOVÁ, Daniela
(TTAGG)n sequence is an ancestral common telomere motif in insects, yet not ubiquitous, especially in beetle lineage. This study indicates that this sequence has been repeatedly lost and replaced by two known alternative telomeric motifs, the (TCAGG)n and (TTAGGG)n, or other unknown alternatives. (TTGGG)n found in one taxa has been proposed as a novel candidate sequence. However, telomeric motifs in many other beetle species remain still undiscovered. Taken together, our extensive mapping of telomeric motifs showed that the diversity is positively related to the species richness of taxa, regardless of the age of the taxa.
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Mapování telomerázové aktivity a telomerické sekvence u brouků
PRUŠÁKOVÁ, Daniela
(TTAGG)n sequence is an ancestral common telomere motif in insects, yet not ubiquitous, especially in beetle lineage, where the structure of telomeres varies even between representatives of the same clade. Telomerase activity related to the ancestral sequence was examined using TRAP assay, occurence of (TTAGG)n and (TCAGG)n repeats across beetles was determined using hybridization methods.
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Evolutionary history, systematics and biogeography of Southern Hemisphere hydrophilid beetles (Coleoptera)
Seidel, Matthias ; Fikáček, Martin (advisor) ; Gomez-Zurita, Jesus (referee) ; Gimmel, Matthew L. (referee)
The research presented in my PhD thesis consists of phylogenetic, biogeographic, taxonomic and ecological research of Southern Hemisphere water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) with a special emphasis on New Zealand. The introductory chapter provides a brief outline on the break-up of Gondwana and geological processes that shaped New Zealand and its fauna. Furthermore, the diversity of New Zealand Hydrophilidae and worldwide diversity of the hydrophilid subfamily Cylominae and its taxonomic history are illustrated. The scientific part of the thesis contains 4 published papers and 2 manuscripts. The first study recalibrates the Coleoptera time tree, providing new age estimates for the Hydrophiloidea, among others. The new age estimate is implemented in the second study, a phylogenetic study that reconstructs the biogeography of the 'Gondwanan' Cylominae beetles. The Cylominae, whose name was reinstated through nomenclatural priority over Rygmodinae in a separate paper, are found to consist of two tribes, Andotypini and Cylomini. The disjunct distribution of Cylominae is shown to be partly the result of vicariance and partly of long-distance oversea dispersal. The most remarkable long-distance dispersal is that of the only African representative of the subfamily which reached Africa from...
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Key factors affecting composition and diversity of saproxylic beetle assemblages
WEISS, Matthias
The thesis concerns the community structure of saproxylic insects with a heavy focus on beetles. It presents a review on change of insect assemblages along small-to-large scale gradients and the importance of saproxylic organisms in forest ecosystems. The fine-scale vertical stratification of saproxylic beetles assemblages and their differences between forests habitats of different latitude and altitude are investigated. Further, the importance of open-grown trees for saproxylic diversity is assessed.
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Succession of insect communities inhabiting carcasses of small vertebrates, with emphasis on the beetles
Kadlec, Jakub ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Růžička, Jan (referee)
This master thesis deals with succession and succession mechanisms of beetles (Coleoptera) on carrions of small vertebrates. As a model sample of small carrion a small mouse of weight 20 grams was chosen. In 2014 two experiments occurred. The first one studied the succession of a beetle community in dependence on seasonality and time of death of the sample. The second experiment was aimed to survey the blocking effect of an early insect succession on the final beetle community composition on carrions. It turned out, that during decomposition of the carrion the overall amount of beetles raised equally to the guild of necrophagous beetles. Change of the species spectrum during succession was not statistically confirmed. On the other hand, the effect of seasonality was clear as during the season the abundance and the amount of species increased. The proportion of trophic guilds changed significantly, necrophagous beetles were the most dominant part of the community towards the end of the season. Equally, the taxonomic composition of the community also changed during the season. The seasonal dynamics of carrion beetles was clear; Nicrophorus vespillo (Linnaeus, 1758) and N. investigator Zetterstedt, 1824 showed their peaks in spring and summer while N. humator (Gleditsch, 1767) and N. vespilloides...
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Vliv pastvy velkých herbivorů na společenstva brouků stepních trávníků
AMBROŽOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis is focused on the importance of large herbivore pasture for arthropod communities in temperate steppe. The study site was located in former military training area Milovice, regional biodiversity hotspot, where wild horses and aurochs were introduced as an active measure aimed at biodiversity conservation. Main goals of proposed study were to assess the role of vegetation structure and presence of grazing on beetle species composition in two trap heights, to examine suitability of flight intercept traps for monitoring arthropods of open habitats, to set the continuous arthropod monitoring program on the site and to propose a suitable model groups to assess habitat changes.
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Active management effect on floricolous insect diversity in oakwoods of Thayatal National Park.
PERLÍK, Michal
Two experimental clearings (isolated by dense forest from all sides and connected to medow from one side) and four control plots (medow, dense forest, sparse forest, forest edge ) were established on six localities in Thayatal National Park. Pan traps were used to collect floricolous insects. Diversity of floricolous beetles (coleoptera) have been assessed using multivariate analysis. Effect of active management for diversity conservation is discussed.
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